As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).
It dating is specially good in Shenzhen
Total, including supportive evidence of a great dyadic replace, especially in Shenzhen, we and additionally find supporting proof getting industry replace, as migrants are more likely to get married a local companion (we.age., to make hukou intermarriage) as their training expands. The outcome highly recommend a top odds of hukou area-knowledge change to possess low-college-experienced migrants during the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, however, a comparable probability of hukou locality-studies exchange on these a few locations to have school-educated migrants, which helps Theory step 3 your down odds of hukou area-education replace inside Shanghai, than the Shenzhen, holds to own non-college-educated migrants yet not to possess school-educated migrants.
According to Design 5 from Dining table 2 and you will Shape dos , regional spouses’ studies isn’t from the their journal-probability of hukou locality intermarriage, and therefore matchmaking doesn’t disagree between the two urban centers
Thus far, you will find experienced simply intermarriage anywhere between locals and you will migrants, instead pinpointing anywhere between a few hukou brands. In our sample, natives was predominantly metropolitan hukou owners while migrants mostly keep outlying hukou in locations. Specifically, in Shanghai, on 85% regarding residents but only about 20% off migrants keeps urban hukou. Inside the Shenzhen, the natives keep metropolitan hukou, but just about thirty five% from migrants is actually urban hukou owners. The fresh new health-related improvement off hukou variety of between neighbors and migrants means a likelihood of hukou types of change contained in this inter-hukou-area ine if hukou types of impacts the efficiency.
Earliest, i look at the newest distribution out of hukou style of one of intermarriages from hukou area. Because the revealed during the Shape A1, over half new couples where a couple partners differ within the hukou locality mode homogamy with respect to hukou type. This really is consistent with earlier in the day findings that most Chinese e hukou particular (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & The guy, 2014). An effective gender asymmetric pattern off hukou interong couples related to a great migrant husband and a neighbor hood spouse, merely eleven% are outlying-husband-urban-spouse people while 86% is actually urban-husband-urban-partner people. On the other hand, among couples the spot where the partner is actually an effective Shanghai regional resident plus the partner try an excellent migrant, 45% is actually metropolitan-husband-rural-spouse people. Simply put, whenever feminine having Shanghai hukou marry migrants, they tend in order to wed metropolitan migrants, whereas guys that have Shanghai hukou which get married migrant women often wed outlying migrants. In Shenzhen, which gender pattern was less obvious: 26% of migrant-husband-local-partner lovers keeps a metropolitan spouse and you may a rural partner, while several% from regional-husband-migrant-spouse people cover an urban partner and you can an outlying wife. Such conclusions advise that into the Shanghai matrimony field, one another hukou locality and you will hukou type design intermarriage activities, however in Shenzhen hukou type seems faster essential. It subsequent helps all of our findings in the hukou barrier getting stronger from inside the Shanghai compared to Shenzhen.
Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? Shenzhen*hukou homogamy =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>